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SUSTAINABLE PLANT PEST MANAGEMENT THROUGH OPTIMIZATION AND MINIMIZATION
Plant Production and Protection Division (NSP), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 161-166 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021426
Plant pests and diseases have significant negative impacts on global food security, world trade and rural livelihoods. Climate change exacerbates these impacts in certain parts of the world. Overreliance on pesticides as the primary tool for plant pest management leads to problems such as pesticide resistance and pest resurgence. Environmental and food safety concerns are also associated with overuse of pesticides in crop production. There is clearly a need for a shift in pest management strategies and practices globally. Optimization of structures and functions in crop production agroecosystems through soil conservation practices and cropping diversification can improve pest regulation services provided in the systems. Prioritization of safer alternatives and practices in the IPM pyramid, such as resistant varieties and biopesticides, helps minimize the use of potentially risky agricultural inputs such as synthetic pesticides. Investment is needed to boost the development of innovative green technologies and practices. Production, distribution, use and regulatory capacities need to be strengthened to facilitate large-scale adoption of green technologies and practices. Finally, policy, financial and market instruments should be wielded to provide an enabling environment for the transformation to sustainable plant pest and disease management strategies and practices worldwide.
宋宝安, James N.Seiber, Stephen O. Duke, 李庆孝
《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第5期 页码 483-484 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.001
Fu-qing Liang,Yong-ping Sun
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第4期 页码 330-335 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014055
关键词： environmental science the Three Gorges cultural relics innovate environmental protection measures green protection
The computational fluid dynamic modeling of downwash flow field for a six-rotor UAV
Yongjun ZHENG, Shenghui YANG, Xingxing LIU, Jie WANG, Tomas NORTON, Jian CHEN, Yu TAN
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期 页码 159-167 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018216
关键词： CFD simulation downwash flow field numerical analysis plant protection six-rotor UAV
IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 页码 635-644 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020343
The antifungal effectiveness of extracts of five medicinal plant species was determined. The inhibitory activity of extracts of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Xanthium sibiricum, Artemisia argyi, Tupistra chinensis and Pyrola calliantha were evaluated against the mycelial growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, P. italicumand Rhizopus stolonifer. All plant extracts were prepared at 60°C using solvents (either water, 50% ethanol (v/v), 95% ethanol (v/v), ethyl acetate or petroleum ether). Fungicidal effects of all plants tested were confirmed. Different extracts from the same plant species gave different degrees of inhibition. All aqueous extracts had weak or no activity on all fungi tested. Ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol extracts from T. chinensis rhizomes gave greater inhibition and a broader spectrum inhibition than the other extracts. T. chinensis may have potential as a new natural fungicide and may be used for the preservation of agricultural and forestry products such as fruits and vegetables.
关键词： Botrytis cinerea / food preservation / plant diseases / plant pathogenic fungi / Tupistra chinensis
CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431
China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.
To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.
Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.
Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).
With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).
We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.
ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Shufeng YAO, Jiali XU, Haibo ZHANG, Hong GAO, Shibin SHANG, Dan WANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 页码 635-644 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020343
关键词： Botrytis cinerea food preservation plant diseases plant pathogenic fungi Tupistra chinensis
Bioengineering protection mechanism of city rock slope and its laboratory test
Desong JIANG, Minghua ZHAO, Chong JIANG,
《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期 页码 414-421 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0055-9
关键词： indoor engineering project protection mechanism different runoff lagging
An introduction to the medicinal plant genome project
Shilin Chen, Li Xiang, Xu Guo, Qiushi Li
《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期 页码 178-184 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0131-0
HEMIPTERAN-TRANSMITTED PLANT VIRUSES: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 98-109 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021389
About 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by specific insect vectors, especially hemipterans with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Many virus-transmitting insects are also important crop pests that cause considerable losses in crop production. This review summarizes the latest research findings on the interactions between plant viruses and insect vectors and analyzes the key factors affecting insect transmission of plant viruses from the perspectives of insect immunity, insect feeding, and insect symbiotic microorganisms. Additionally, by referring to the latest applications for blocking the transmission of animal viruses, potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology, and CRISPR/Cas9+ gene-driven technology are discussed.
关键词： control strategies / feeding / immunity / insect vector / microorganism / plant virus
Intelligent diagnosis methods for plant machinery
Huaqing WANG, Peng CHEN, Shuming WANG,
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第1期 页码 118-124 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0084-z
关键词： intelligent diagnosis neural network fuzzy algorithm adaptive filtering plant machinery
Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction
Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期 页码 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100
关键词： plant–pathogen interactions systems biology omics plant immunity protein–protein interaction network
Causations of failure in megaprojects: A case study of the Ajaokuta Steel Plant project
Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期 页码 334-346 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018011
This paper uses project organizational theories to draw lessons from a historic megaproject, the Ajaokuta Steel Plant (ASP). Archival reports on the ASP were explored to identify the unique attributes of the project; the political wrangling that underplayed its evolution, its economic significance and organizational impacts. Findings suggest the goals of the ASP project were, and still are, unambiguous. Failure occurred as socio-political forces aggravated the project’s complex milestones. Stakeholders were impatient with pre-project investigations. During planning, owners ignored opinions that were contrary to their expectations. While delays lingered, pressures from the global economy weakened the project’s motivation to succeed. These combined to turn the project’s outcomes into a chaotic situation that triggered dire implications. Despite about 1400% overrun in cost, the success achieved on the plant was 28% at commissioning. Contractors remained on site until eight years after commissioning. Six key elements of the 482 items in the ASP project contract were not delivered nearly 40 years on. A simplistic look at these suggests poor planning is the main problem. However, planning issues is not entirely strange in greenfield projects. The paper draws strength from project organization theories to explain what was poor about the planning. Socrates’ generic management theory was used to explain the role of leadership in the failure of the ASP project. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y explain the significance of stakeholders’ integration in megaprojects. Systems and chaos theories were used to explain the sensitivity of the ASP project to uncertainties. Narratives on these combine well to inspire stakeholders of megaprojects on where and how to seek courage in making effective plans that can help achieve success in complex projects. While normative literature only recognizes project success in a definitive perspective, this study provides insights from failure as an instrument to trigger sublime reflections.
关键词： industrial projects megaprojects Nigeria project organizational theories steel plant
Rhizosphere immunity: targeting the underground for sustainable plant health management
Zhong WEI, Ville-Petri FRIMAN, Thomas POMMIER, Stefan GEISEN, Alexandre JOUSSET, Qirong SHEN
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期 页码 317-328 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020346
Managing plant health is a great challenge for modern food production and is further complicated by the lack of common ground between the many disciplines involved in disease control. Here we present the concept of rhizosphere immunity, in which plant health is considered as an ecosystem level property emerging from networks of interactions between plants, microbiota and the surrounding soil matrix. These interactions can potentially extend the innate plant immune system to a point where the rhizosphere immunity can fulfil all four core functions of a full immune system: pathogen prevention, recognition, response and homeostasis. We suggest that considering plant health from a meta-organism perspective will help in developing multidisciplinary pathogen management strategies that focus on steering the whole plant-microbe-soil networks instead of individual components. This might be achieved by bringing together the latest discoveries in phytopathology, microbiome research, soil science and agronomy to pave the way toward more sustainable and productive agriculture.
关键词： rhizosphere soil microbiome plant immunity microbial ecology plant health soilborne pathogens
ROUTE DEVELOPMENT, ANTIVIRAL STUDIES, FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE- 2021390
It has previously been shown that tryptophan, the biosynthesis precursor of Peganum harmala alkaloids, and its derivatives have anti-TMV activity both in vitro and in vivo. Further exploration of this led to the identification of NK0238 as a highly effective agent for the prevention and control of diseases caused by plant viruses, but the existing routes are unsuitable for its large-scale synthesis. This study optimized a route for two-step synthesis of this virucide candidate via reaction of l-tryptophan with triphosgene to produce l-tryptophan-N-carboxylic anhydride, which then reacts with n-octylamine to give NK0238 at up to 94% yield and nearly 97% HPLC purity. In addition, the route was used for the preparation of NK0238 on a>40 g scale permitting further assessment of its antivirus activity in the greenhouse and field experiments, and toxicity tests. NK0238 exhibited useful antiviral activities against a variety of viruses both in greenhouse and field experiments. The toxicity tests showed that NK0238 was not acutely toxic to birds, fish, honey bees and silkworms. The optimized route provides a solid foundation for its large-scale synthesis and subsequent efficacy and toxicity studies, its excellent activity and safety make NK0238 a promising drug candidate for further development.
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
SUSTAINABLE PLANT PEST MANAGEMENT THROUGH OPTIMIZATION AND MINIMIZATION
Plant Production and Protection Division (NSP), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
期刊论文
Implement and Innovate Environmental Protection Measures, Promote Green Protection of Cultural Relics
Fu-qing Liang,Yong-ping Sun
期刊论文
The computational fluid dynamic modeling of downwash flow field for a six-rotor UAV
Yongjun ZHENG, Shenghui YANG, Xingxing LIU, Jie WANG, Tomas NORTON, Jian CHEN, Yu TAN
期刊论文
ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Shufeng YAO, Jiali XU, Haibo ZHANG, Hong GAO, Shibin SHANG, Dan WANG
期刊论文
Bioengineering protection mechanism of city rock slope and its laboratory test
Desong JIANG, Minghua ZHAO, Chong JIANG,
期刊论文
Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction
Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG
期刊论文
Causations of failure in megaprojects: A case study of the Ajaokuta Steel Plant project
Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI
期刊论文
Rhizosphere immunity: targeting the underground for sustainable plant health management
Zhong WEI, Ville-Petri FRIMAN, Thomas POMMIER, Stefan GEISEN, Alexandre JOUSSET, Qirong SHEN
期刊论文
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